As the Public Record Office releases more documents concerning the abdication of King Edward VIII, BBC News Online looks at his life.
King Edward VIII, who became the Duke of Windsor, found himself at the centre of a personal and political storm which shook the foundations of the monarchy.
More than 30 years after his death, his life continues to intrigue and tantalise historians.
Some commentators see him as a pampered playboy, whose louche lifestyle and numerous relationships with married women, most notably Mrs Simpson, made him unfit to be King.
Others believe this outward appearance masked something much darker - a fascination with Nazism, possibly even a brooding determination to overthrow his brother George VI.
The Prince of Wales in 1931
The young Edward enjoyed a busy social life
Edward was born on 23 June 1894. His father, who became George V in 1910, was a fierce disciplinarian.
Besides Edward - always called David by his family - there were four other royal princes: Bertie - later George VI, Henry, George, and John.
Edward, good-looking, raffish and easy going, was the pick of the crop.
Dilemma
After becoming Prince of Wales in 1911 and serving in the Grenadier Guards during World War I, he became the darling of 1920s society.
Life was a seemingly endless round of balls, cocktail parties and country house weekends. His penchant for married women was already well-known in aristocratic circles.
Wallis Simpson
Edward was captivated by Wallis Simpson
During the early 1930s, Mrs Wallis Warfield Simpson, a divorcee from Baltimore, Maryland, was constantly with him.
But there was another, more serious, side to Edward's character.
During the Depression which followed the Wall Street Crash of 1929, he visited poverty-stricken areas of the UK and encouraged 200,000 unemployed men and women to join his back-to-work scheme.
His popularity far outstripped that of his distant father.
Following George V's death in January 1936, the new King faced two huge problems.
The first was his love for Wallis Simpson: as King, and Supreme Governor of the Church of England, he could not marry a divorcee. He would have to choose between his country and his lover.
Concentration camp
The second was that some felt that the new King was too sympathetic to Nazi Germany.
Following Edward's accession, the German embassy in London sent a cable for the personal attention of Hitler himself.
The Windsors with Hitler in 1937
The Windsors met Hitler in 1937
In part, it read: "An alliance between Germany and Britain is for him (the King) an urgent necessity."
Alan Lascelles, Edward's private secretary, gave his own harsh judgment of the situation.
"The best thing that could happen to him would be for him to break his neck."
Within the year Edward, pressurised by the Church of England, the government and royal courtiers, decided to abdicate.
In October 1937, Edward and his wife - by now the Duke and Duchess of Windsor - visited Nazi Germany.
They met Hitler, dined with his deputy, Rudolf Hess, and even visited a concentration camp.
The camp's guard towers were explained away as meat stores for the inmates.
Bahamas
At the outbreak of war, the duke served as a military liaison officer in Paris before eventually ending up in Lisbon after the French capitulation.
Hitler, wishing to bring the duke into his camp, made an abortive attempt to coax Edward and his wife to Spain, which was then sympathetic to the Nazi cause.
But the duke soon moved on to become Governor of the Bahamas from 1940-45. It was while he was there that he is said to have made his views explicit.
He reputedly told a journalist that "it would be a tragic thing for the world if Hitler was overthrown".
To an acquaintance on the island, the Duke reportedly said: "After the war is over and Hitler will crush the Americans...We'll take over...They (the British) don't want me as their King, but I'll be back as their leader."
After the war, the duke and duchess returned to France. He died there in 1972, while the Duchess lived on until 1986.
Though the official Whitehall view was that "His Royal Highness never wavered in his loyalty to the British cause", the reputation of "the King who never was" seems destined to remain cloaked in ambiguity.
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Tue Apr 15, 2008 11:30 pm
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New clues to Edward VIII's 'Nazi links'
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It has long been the view that Edward VIII abdicated in 1936 because Mrs Simpson was a divorcee.
However, The Guardian says the FBI documents suggest America believed the king's decision was due to the duchess being a Nazi supporter and this was totally unacceptable to the prime minister at the time, Stanley Baldwin.
One of the biggest public relations hoaxes ever perpetrated by the British Crown, is that King Edward VIII, who abdicated the throne in 1938, due to his support for the Nazis, was a ``black sheep,'' an aberration in an otherwise unblemished Windsor line. Nothing could be further from the truth. The British monarchy, and the City of London's leading Crown bankers, enthusiastically backed Hitler and the Nazis, bankrolled the Führer's election, and did everything possible to build the Nazi war machine, for Britain's planned geopolitical war between Germany and Russia.
Support for Nazi-style genocide has always been at the heart of House of Windsor policy, and long after the abdication of Edward VIII, the Merry Windsors maintained their direct Nazi links.
So, when Prince Philip, co-founder with Prince Bernhard of the Netherlands of the World Wildlife Fund (WWF), tells an interviewer that he hopes to be ``reincarnated as a deadly virus'' to help solve the ``population problem,'' he is just ``doin' what comes naturally'' for any scion of the Anglo-Dutch oligarchy (see page 8 for more quotes from Prince Philip).
To get beyond the soap opera stuff and truly understand the Windsors today, it is useful to start with Prince Philip. Not only was he trained in the Hitler Youth curriculum, but his German brothers-in-law, with whom he lived, all became high-ranking figures in the Nazi Party.
Before his family was forced into exile, Prince Philip had been in line of succession to the Greek throne, established after a British-run coup against the son of King Ludwig of Bavaria, who became King Otto I of the Hellenes. Having dispatched King Otto in 1862, London ran a talent search for a successor, which resulted in the selection of Prince William, the son of the designated heir and nephew to the Danish king, Crown Prince Christian. In 1862, Prince William of the Danes was installed as King George I of Greece, and married a granddaughter of Czar Nicholas I in 1866. Prince Philip is a grandson of Queen Victoria, and he is related to most of the current and former crowned heads of Europe, including seven czars.
The marriages of Prince Philip's sisters definitely strengthened the German aristocratic ties. During 1931-1932, Philip's four older sisters married as follows: Margarita to a Czech-Austrian prince named Gottfried von Hohenlohe-Langenburg, a great-grandson of England's Queen Victoria; Theodora to Berthold, the margrave of Baden; Cecilia to Georg Donatus, grand duke of Hesse-by-Rhine, also a great-grandson of Queen Victoria; and, Sophie to Prince Christoph of Hesse.
Three of Philip's brothers-in-law were part of a group of German aristocrats who were Anglophile and pro-Nazi at the same time, and who remain a subversive force in Germany to this day.
Enter Prince Bernhard
His Royal Highness Prince Bernhard, royal consort to Queen Juliana of the Netherlands and father of the current Queen Beatrix, co-founded and became the first head of the World Wildlife Fund (now the World Wide Fund for Nature) in October 1961. When the Lockheed scandal forced Prince Bernhard to resign from his most important public functions in 1971, he was replaced by Prince Philip. Prince Bernhard, like Prince Philip, whom he recruited to the eco-fascist cause, had strong roots in the Nazi movement.
In fact, the whole House of Orange did: Queen Wilhelmina, mother of the future Queen Juliana, married a right-wing playboy who begged for money for Hitler; Juliana married an SS man (Prince Bernhard); and, Queen Juliana's daughter Beatrix married a former member of Hitler Youth.
Prince Bernhard first became interested in the Nazis in 1934, during his last year of study at the University of Berlin. He was recruited by a member of the Nazi intelligence services, but first worked openly in the motorized SS. Bernhard went to Paris to work for the firm IG Farben, which pioneered Nazi Economics Minister Hjalmar Schacht's slave labor camp system by building concentration camps to convert coal into synthetic gasoline and rubber. Bernhard's role was to conduct espionage on behalf of the SS. According to the April 5, 1976 issue of Newsweek, this role, as part of a special SS intelligence unit in IG Farbenindustrie, had been revealed in testimony at the Nuremberg trials.
When Bernhard left the SS to marry the future Queen Juliana, he signed his letter of resignation to Adolf Hitler, ``Heil Hitler!'' William Hoffman writes in his book Queen Juliana:
``Tensions [over the marriage] were not cooled when ... Adolf Hitler forwarded his own congratulatory message. The newspaper Het Volk editorialized that `it would be better if the future Queen had found a consort in some democratic country rather than in the Third Reich.'|''
This is the man who recruited Prince Philip to eco-facism, but Prince Philip's Nazi roots had been laid much earlier.
Hitler Youth and Universal Fascism
Through the influence of his sister Theodora, young Philip was sent to the German school near Lake Constantine that had been founded by Berthold's father, Max von Baden, working through his longtime personal secretary, Kurt Hahn. During World War I, Prince Max von Baden had been chancellor, while the Oxford-trained Hahn first served as head of the Berlin Foreign Ministry's intelligence desk, then as special adviser to Prince Max in the Versailles Treaty negotiations. Von Baden and Hahn set up a school in a wing of Schloss Salem, employing a combination of monasticism and the Nazis' ``strength-through-joy'' system. At first a supporter of the Nazis, Hahn, who was part Jewish, soon got into trouble with the SS, and came to support the more centrist elements of the Nazi Party. What Hahn really had become is what Henry Kissinger's friend, Michael Ledeen has termed a ``universal fascist,'' in the sense of Vladimir Jabotinsky, Count Coudenhove-Kalergi, the Strasser brothers, and other fascists whom the hard-core Nazis would have no dealings with.
Although Hahn's powerful connections permitted him to escape the concentration camps, he was forced to leave the school he founded in Germany before Philip's arrival there, and established a new school in Scotland, called Gordonstoun. It would play a major role in rearing all the male children of Queen Elizabeth II and Philip. When Philip arrived at Hahn's school in Schloss Salem, it was in control of the Hitler Youth and the Nazi Party, and the curriculum had become Nazi ``race science.'' Hahn became an adviser to the Foreign Office in London, urging policies of appeasement based upon appeals to the ``centrist'' Nazis.
Philip's Relatives Work for the SS
The husband of Philip's sister Sophie, Prince Christoph, was embraced by the Nazis, who saw him as a channel to the appeasement faction in Britain epitomized by King Edward VIII. Joining the Nazi Party in 1933, by 1935 Prince Christoph was chief of the Forschungsamt (directorate of scientific research), a special intelligence operation run by Hermann Göring, and he was also Standartenführer (colonel) of the SS on Heinrich Himmler's personal staff. The Forschungsamt used electronic intelligence-gathering methods to police the Nazi Party, while working with the Gestapo against the Catholic Church, the Jews, and labor organizations. When rumors of homosexuality spread against Capt. Ernst Roehm of the Stormtroopers, Himmler turned to the Forschungsamt's eavesdroppers, and ordered the ``Night of the Long Knives'' as a result. The eldest of Prince Christoph and Sophie's children was named Karl Adolf, after Hitler. Later, Prince Philip would promote his education.
Prince Christoph's brother, Philip of Hesse, married a daughter of the King of Italy, and became the official liaison between the Nazi and Fascist regimes.
Four years after Prince Philip left Schloss Salem to attend Gordonstoun Academy in Scotland, on Nov. 16, 1937, Philip learned that his sister Cecilia and her husband Georg Donatus, hereditary grand duke of Hesse-by-Rhine, had crashed in one of Göring's Junker aircraft on a trip to London for Georg's brother's wedding. According to the British magazine Private Eye, the funeral became a gathering point for leading Nazis and their appeasers. Prince Philip himself developed secretive ties with King Edward VIII, continuing after Edward was deposed in 1938.
In fact, one of the central figures in the 1930s Nazi-British back-channel was Philip's uncle and sponsor, Lord Louis Mountbatten (originally, Battenberg, a branch of the House of Hesse). Until he was forced to abdicate, King Edward VIII enjoyed the full backing of ``Dickie'' Mountbatten. Through much of World War II, secret channels of communication were maintained between the British royal family and their pro-Hitler cousins in Germany, by Lord Mountbatten, through his sister Louise, who was crown princess of pro-Nazi Sweden. Louise was Prince Philip's aunt.
Although Buckingham Palace's rumor mill has tried to depict this wartime collaboration with the enemy as mere family correspondence, the channel apparently included messages from Prince Philip's secret ally, the Duke of Windsor (the former Edward VIII). On Nov. 20, 1995, the Washington Times reported, based on recently discovered Portuguese Secret Service files first published in the London Observer, that the Duke of Windsor had been in close collaboration with the Nazis in Spain and Portugal to foment a revolution in wartime Britain, that would topple the Churchill government, depose his brother King George VI, and allow him to regain the throne, with Queen Wallis [Simpson, the American divorcée, for whom he abdicated the throne] at his side. Portuguese surveillance revealed that Walter Schellenberg, head of Gestapo counterintelligence, was one point of contact in this plot. After Schellenberg met with the Spanish ambassador to Portugal, Nicolás Franco, brother of fascist Gen. Francisco Franco, Ambassador Franco told a Portuguese diplomat: ``The Duke of Windsor, free from the responsibilities of the war, in disagreement with English politicians, could be the man to put at the head of the Empire.''
Whatever correspondence was hidden in Sophie and Prince Christoph's Kronberg Castle, King George VI, in June 1945, felt compelled to dispatch the former MI-5 officer turned ``Surveyor of the King's Pictures,'' Anthony Blunt, to gather up the correspondence. Queen Elizabeth II reportedly insisted that there be no interrogation of Blunt about his secret trip to the castle. Otherwise, it is notable that starting with an exchange between King George VI and President Eisenhower, the House of Windsor has been desperate to keep classified those documents from Kronberg Castle that fell into American Army hands, long beyond the normal length of time. Clearly, Prince Philip's patron Lord Dickie Mountbatten, Mountbatten's sister Crown Princess Louise, and Philip's brother-in-law Prince Christoph of Hesse were not just exchanging Christmas greetings.
Ingrams believes that Hess' captures was part of Operation
Mistletoe, in which English Pacifists were double-crossed into
exploiting the pro-German sentiment quietly bubbling beneath
certain U.K. power centers. If leonard Ingrams is correct in his
assertion, Winston Churchill superbly routed Nazi sympathizers with
the maneuver.
Ties between the British Royals and the Nazi party were a touchy.
Queen Victoria married a German Duke in 1840, a marriage that
created the house of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha. In 1917, her grandson
King Edward V--an honorary German Fiel Marshal-- had
renounced the German name and the House became known as
Windsor. Edward's wife was quoted as saying of World War I that
Britain "had backed the wrong horse."
Edward V's son, King Edward VIII, once touted "There is not a
drop of blood in my veins that is not German." Curiously enough,
the English royal line had a number of genealogical ties to the
House of Habsburg. In 1937, the Duke and Duchess of Windsor
met face to face with Adolf Hitler. At the time of this writing,
images of Prince Harry sporting a Nazi uniform at a costume party
are splashed all over the scandal sheets.
A number of personal letters belonging to Churchill, King Edward
VIII and the King's American born wife, Wallis SImpson, reveal
deep animosity toward one another over the subject of German
appeasement. Edward VIII, who had abdicated the throne to
marry Simpson, was considered by the Nazi's as a possible head of
state for a subjugated Britain. It's easy to see why Churchill felt he
had to sleep with one eye open!
To avoid embarrassing the Queen Mother, the letters themselves
have been reclassified until the year 2011; although, academics
have been allowed limited access.
You will recall my Saarbruecken and Wilhelmshaven speeches. In both these speeches I pointed out the danger that in a certain country such men could rise and unmolested preach the necessity of war - Herren Churchill, Eden, Duff-Cooper, etc.
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I pointed out how dangerous this is, especially in a country where one does not know whether these men may not be the Government in a short time. I was then told that that would never happen. In my opinion they are now the Government. It happened exactly as I then foresaw. I then decided for the first time to warn the German nation against them. But I also have left no doubt that Germany, under no circumstances, will capitulate to the threats or coercion of these people.
On account of this answer I have been strongly attacked: because certain practices have gradually been developed in democracies: namely, in democracies war may be advocated. There foreign regimes and statesmen may be attacked, calumniated, insulted, sullied because there reign freedom of speech and the press. In authoritarian States, on the other hand, one may not defend one's self because there reigns discipline.
You know, of course, of those August days. I believe it would have been possible in those last August days, without the British guarantee and without agitation by these warmongers, to have reached an understanding. At a certain moment England herself offered to bring us into direct discussion with Poland. I was ready. Of course it was the Poles who did not come.
I came to Berlin with my Government and for two days waited and waited. Meanwhile, I had worked out a new proposal. You know it. I had the British Ambassador informed of it on the evening of the first day. It was read to him sentence by sentence and the Reich Foreign Minister gave him a supplementary explanation. Then came the next day and nothing occurred except for Polish general mobilization, renewed acts of terror, and finally attacks against Reich territory.
Now in the life of nations, patience must not always be interpreted as weakness. For years I patiently looked on these continuous provocations. What keen suffering I underwent in these years only few can imagine, because there was hardly a month or week in which deputations from these districts did not come to me depicting unbearable conditions and imploring me to interfere.
I have always begged them to try again. This continued for years, but I have recently also warned that this could not go on forever. After again waiting and even receiving new proposals I finally decided, as I declared in the Reichstag, to talk with Poland in the same language as they talked to us, or believed they could talk to us - the language which alone they seem to understand.
Also, at this moment peace could have been saved. Friendly Italy and I1 Duce came in and made a suggestion for mediation. France agreed. I also expressed my agreement. Then England rejected also that suggestion and replied that, instead, Germany might be served with a two-hour ultimatum with impossible demands. England erred in one thing. There once was a government in Germany in November, 1918, that was kept by England, and they confound the present German regime with one they kept and confound the present German nation with the misled and blinded nation of that time.
One does not send ultimatums to the Germany of today. - May London make note!
In the last six years I had to stand intolerable things from States like Poland - nevertheless I sent no ultimatum. The German Reich is not inclined and will not be addressed in such a tone. I knew if Poland chose war she chose it because others drove her into war, those others who believed they might make their biggest political and financial killing in this war. But it will not be their biggest killing, but their biggest disappointment.
Poland chose to fight and she received a fight. She chose this fight light-heartedly because certain statesmen assured her they had detailed proof of the worthlessness of Germany and her armed forces, of the inferiority of our armament, of the poor morale of our troops, of defeatism within the Reich, of a discrepancy between the German people and its leadership.
The Poles were persuaded that it would be easy not only to resist but also to throw our army back. Poland constructed her campaign on these assurances of the Western general staffs. Since then eighteen days have passed, and hardly elsewhere in history can the following be said with more truth: The Lord has struck them down with horse, with man and with wagon.
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If peoples go to pieces it will not be the German people, who are fighting for justice, who have no war aims and who were attacked.
Rather, those peoples will break when they gradually find out what their misleaders plan, and gradually grasp for what little reason they are fighting, and that the only reasons for war are the profits or political interests of a very small clique. A part of it declared in Britain that this war will last three years. Then I can only say: My sympathies are with the French poilu. What he is fighting for he does not know. He knows only that he has the honor to fight at least three years. But if it should last three years, then the word capitulation will not stand at the end of the third, and at the end of the fourth year the word capitulation also will not be, and not in the fifth either, and also not in the sixth or seventh year.
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Let them make no mistake here, however. The moment could come very suddenly in which we could use a weapon with which we cannot be attacked. I hope then they do not suddenly begin to think of humaneness and of the impossibility of waging war against women and children. We Germans do not like that. It is not in our nature. In this campaign I gave an order to spare human beings. When columns cross a market-place it can occur that someone else becomes the victim of attack.
In those places where insane or crazy people did not offer resistance not one windowpane was broken. In Cracow, except for the air field, railroads and the railroad station, which were military objectives, not one bomb fell. On the other hand, in Warsaw the war is carried on by civilian shootings in all streets and houses. There, of course, the war will take in the whole city. We followed these rules and would like to follow them in the future. It is entirely up to England to carry out her blockade in a form compatible with international law or incompatible with international law. We will adapt ourselves thereto.
But there should be no doubt about one thing:
England's goal is not 'a fight against the regime' but a fight against the German people, women and children. Our reaction will be compatible, and one thing will be certain: This Germany does not capitulate. We know too well what fate would be in store for Germany. Mr. King-Hall [Commander Stephen King-Hall, retired naval officer who writes a privately-circulated news letter] told us in the name of his masters: A second Versailles, only worse.
What can be worse? The first Versailles Treaty was intended to exterminate 20,000,000 Germans. Thus the second can only realize this intention. We received more detailed illustrations of what has been intended, what Poland shall have, what crowns will be placed on what heads in France, etc. The German people take notice of this and shall fight accordingly. . .
We are determined to carry on and stand this war one way or another. We have only this one wish, that the Almighty, who now has blessed our arms, will now perhaps make other peoples understand and give them comprehension of how useless this war, this debacle of peoples, will be intrinsically, and that He may perhaps cause reflection on the blessings of peace which they are sacrificing because a handful of fanatic warmongers, persons who stand to gain by war, want to involve peoples in war. .
Alex Jones would have you believe that the evil Nazi's dressed up some people as Germans and claim a massacre and that's why The Germans marched into Poland. This book documented some of those events. But the reality is that the Germans tried diplomatic routes until there was little else left to do. Hitler had been working on an agreement with the Polish president, but suddenly the Polish President died from Cancer and talks stopped.
Last edited by postcardsfrompalestine on Wed Apr 16, 2008 6:29 pm; edited 1 time in total
Wed Apr 16, 2008 12:23 am
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I always wondered
I always wondered why we never get the full picture of what these guys said in western History Channel propaganda.
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Rare Footage Of Joseph Goebbels Speeches
Wed Apr 16, 2008 7:17 am
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Duke of Windsor - discusses meeting Wallis
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Legendary dandy the Duke of Windsor discusses meeting Wallis Simpson, the future Duchess of Windsor.
Thu Apr 17, 2008 9:41 pm
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Edward VIII of the United Kingdom abdication
Here is my take on this, although I need to do a lot more research. I think this whole thing was done to remove the bond between Germany and Britain.
Who Owns the Press? Who benefits from his removal? The People loved him even with the girl.
Edward VIII of the United Kingdom abdication
Thu Apr 17, 2008 9:50 pm
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Info On British Prime Minister Stanley Baldwin
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THE MYTH OF CLOSED DOORS, 1933-9
limit, a fact which has come to light only recently. As Sherman notes in the
introduction to the second (1994) edition of his work:
British consular officials in Germany and Austria issued without reference
to London well over 50,000 visas to refugees who did not ultimately take
them up for admission to the United Kingdom. . . They were Liberally
distributed . . . to refugees awaiting their American and other immigration
papers, as a means of protecting Jews and 'non-Aryans' from the brutalities
of Gestapo interrogation, or obtaining their release from concentration
camps. The generosity of British consular officials [was] known to the
Foreign Office but never publicised. 38
During the 1930s too, both the Anglo-Jewish community and the wider British
community were notably generous in funding refugee relief. The Board of
Deputies of British Jews, the Jewish community's representative body, gave an
undertaking in 1933 that no German Jewish refugee would become a public
charge but, instead their expenses would be paid by the Jewish community. 39 The
Earl Baldwin Fund, established in 1937 and headed by former Prime Minister
Stanley Baldwin, raised hundreds of thousands of pounds for refugee relief from
among the non-Jewish majority. Many thousands of ordinary Britons took Jewish
refugee children into their homes, often with profoundly beneficial effects in
mutual understanding in the long term. A Methodist grocer in Grantham,
Lincolnshire, Alfred Roberts, was one such fairly typical example of a gentile
Englishman who hosted a teenage refugee. Nearly sixty years later his daughter
recalled that, with the help of Grantham Rotary Club, a 17-year-old Austrian
Jewish girl lived in their house before reemigrating to South America. Her
accounts of Jews being made to 'scrub the streets' of Vienna vividly impressed the
Grantham family, directly alerting them to the dangers posed by Nazism. 40 The
grocer's daughter, Margaret Thatcher, eventually became probably the most philo-
semitic of recent prime ministers. It was well known that she regarded Immanuel
Jakobovits, the Chief Rabbi, as her favourite clergyman and at one time had five
Jews in her Cabinet, including the Chancellor of the Exchequer and the Home
Secretary.
The period between 1933 and 1939 also established a remarkably wide-
ranging infrastructure to facilitate German and Reich Jewish migration to Britain
(and elsewhere). Like all such dedicated groups of 'insiders', it gradually built up
a web of goodwill and special knowledge of the government, the bureaucracy.
Thu Apr 17, 2008 10:21 pm
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Hitler's favorite Royals
Thu Apr 17, 2008 10:22 pm
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The Little Country Far Away
MacDonald created a restriction on Jewish Immigration to Palestine, and he was replaced with
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Mr. Stanley Baldwin (after succeeding Mr. Macdonald) resorted to the old "pending-basket" procedure; he sent one more commission of investigation (the fifth?) to Palestine, and at this point the thing became plain farce.
Mr. Macdonald had been cowed by Dr. Weizmann and his bodyguard into cancelling a "Palestine policy" announced after full consultation with his responsible advisers. Now that Mr. Baldwin sent a commission to Palestine to discover an alternative policy it was received by Dr. Weizmann! With agility he hopped from London to Jerusalem and back, telling the British government in London what to do, their Commissioners in Palestine what to report, and the British government in London, again, what it should do with the report when it arrived. (Betweenwhiles he visited New York to arrange for more "pressure" from that quarter).
Mr. Macdonald at once became the object of violent attack and began to wear the bewildered mien for which he became famous (and which I observed when I met him in 1935). He received the visit of Dr. Weizmann and three Zionist associates and was accused of "dealing rather frivolously" with "the moral implications of promises given to Jews" (Dr. Weizmann). Leading politicians in his own country, America and South Africa began a furious campaign against him. Intimidated a second time, he appointed a special Cabinet Committee to reconsider the oft-considered "Palestine policy". A Socialist minister, Mr. Arthur Henderson, was chairman and Mr. Malcolm Macdonald was secretary; Dr. Weizmann and six leading Zionists formed "the committee"; the Arabs, as usual, were not represented.
Dr. Weizmann violently attacked the undertaking to punish incitements to disorder from whatever quarter; disorder, violence and massacre, he said, originated only with the native Arabs. Mr. Macdonald again surrendered in a letter to Dr. Weizmann, under the terms of which Zionist immigration to
327
Palestine in 1934 and 1935 exceeded all previous figures. Having dealt with Mr. Macdonald Dr. Weizmann undertook the grand tour.
It seems that Stanley Baldwin did not want Britain to fight a War with the Germans and preferred that the Germans fought with Bolsheviks.
Thu Apr 17, 2008 10:46 pm
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Adolf and Controversy
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Adolf Hitler is the most controversial character in history. Some aspects are exposed, some explained. This is NOT an antisemitic video.
In accordance with Title 17 U.S.C. Section 107, any copyrighted work is used under fair use without profit or payment to those who have expressed a prior interest for personal use, non-profit research and educational purposes only
Sun Apr 20, 2008 7:13 pm
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Polen 1939
Polish warcrimes against Germans in 1939, before Wehrmacht's invading Poland
Anyone speak German and willing to transcribe?
Tue Apr 22, 2008 12:33 am
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Quote:
Shortly after midnight on July 4, 1984, the headquarters of the Institute for Historical Review was attacked by terrorists. They did their job almost to perfection: IHR's office were destroyed, and ninety per cent of its inventory of books and tapes wiped out. To this day the attackers have not been apprehended, and the authorities -- local, state, and federal -- have supplied little indication that they ever will be.
The destruction of IHR's offices and stocks meant a crippling blow for Historical Revisionism, the world-wide movement to bring history into accord with the facts in precisely those areas in which it has been distorted to serve the interests of a powerful international Establishment, an Establishment all the more insidious for its pious espousal of freedom of the press. That one of the few independent voices for truth in history on the planet was silenced by flames on America's Independence Day in the year made infamous by George Orwell must have brought a cynical smile to the face of more than one enemy of historical truth: the terrorists, whose national loyalties certainly lie elsewhere than in America, chose the date well. Had IHR succumbed to the arsonists, what a superb validation of the Orwellian dictum: "Who controls the past controls the future. Who controls the present controls the past."!
